Value addition in oilseed crops
As India is an agricultural country, agricultural products account for a large share of the nation's income. As a result of gradual agricultural development, the annual production of foodgrains in India today has touched about 255 metric tons.
Value addition in oilseed crops.
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Thus we have become self-sufficient in foodgrains. But if we look at the post-production stage, as a result of insufficient storage capacity, scientific approach and ongoing processes in this direction, 12 to 15 per cent of the total production of grain does not reach the consumer. Moreover, the return of agricultural produce in the market in the same form or by converting it into conventional processed products is not sustainable.
Thus, despite the abundant agricultural production, the waste has not been eradicated due to improper processing after harvesting. Compared to other countries, the rate of processing in our country after harvest is only 5%. Moreover, despite our high position in the world in the production of oilseed crops like rye, castor, groundnut, our contribution to the world export market is less than one per cent.
Moreover, if the new economic policy is to survive in the open market system as a result, our agricultural products will have to be converted into quality products. And for this we have to adopt a scientific approach and convert our agricultural products into value-added products through processing.
Processing results in higher quality products, higher economic returns, preventing post-harvest losses, increasing product storage capacity, making products more affordable, tasty and attractive, and increasing employment opportunities through value-added units (agro-industries).
It is possible to earn foreign exchange by exporting such products, farmers can get higher prices of produce and improve social and economic standards at the village level. Thus many benefits can be gained from value addition through processing.
In general, the physical structure of farm produce can be modified to make it more expensive. Such as, Drying, Cleaning, Grading, Curing, Peeling, Mixing, Filling, Sugar, Grinding, Baking, Mixing, Fortification, Packaging, Storage, Transportation, Distribution etc.
These processes are also called primary processing. Farm products can be processed, added preservatives or packed by thermal processing to save a long time. So that delicious and nutritious textures are obtained and the amount of waste is also reduced.
In the same way, extra income can be generated by separating protein and other elements along with oil from oilseed crops, by extracting volatile oils from spices as well as oil and other chemical elements from rice, corn, paddy husk etc. Such agricultural products can be chemically modified and converted into other valuable products.
Value addition in oilseed crops- Processing in oilseed crops :.
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Peanuts
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Gujarat is the largest producer of groundnut in India with a production of 26 lakh metric tonnes. Which accounts for about 27% of the country's total production. The average yield (productivity) of groundnut crop in Gujarat is equal to the yield (productivity) of the world. Peanuts are used to make oil. And the oil-extracted flour is used to make animal feed.
Some quantities of hand picked and selected groundnuts (HPS) are exported by hand picking. And it is sold as a popular dish in India. There are opportunities to make peanut butter (peanut butter), fat-free peanuts, roasted peanuts and salted peanuts, specially coated coated peanuts, etc. Peanuts grown without chemical fertilizers and pesticides can fetch high prices in the export market. Peanuts produced through the use of centralized fertilizers can fetch much higher prices in the export market.
The amount of nutrients in peanuts
Water
3 to 4 percent
Oil
35 to 50 percent
Protein
20 to 80 percent
Carbohydrates
10 to 15 percent
Fiber
Five percent
Ash
6 percent
Peanut butter
Peanut butter (peanut butter) contains both adequate amounts of fat and protein as well as other vitamins such as thiamine and niacin, which are not found in other butter, so it is customary to eat peanut butter with bread for breakfast. As shown in the process flow chart, there are ample opportunities for home-made peanut butter to be exported to developed countries.
Peanut seeds
In the sand / microwave oven
Bake (1800 sec, 45 minutes)
Quickly cool the roasted grains with the help of a fan and remove the husk on the grains
Peel a squash, grate it and squeeze the juice
To extract the nut
To remove more roasted and spoiled grains
Slowly grind the grains in a grinder jar for 1 minute
Add salt and sugar as required and grind again in grinder for 20 minutes.
Using the fan by opening the lid of the jar
Quickly cool the peanut butter
Fill a glass / plastic jar without air circulation
The process of making peanut butter
Milk from Peanuts - Yogurt: Compared to milk, this peanut milk is very nutritious for children and other essential vitamins can also be added to it. The process for making peanut milk and yoghurt at home is shown in the chart.
Peanut seeds
In the sand / microwave oven
Bake lightly
Quickly cool the roasted grains with the help of a fan and remove the husk on the grains
Peel a squash, grate it and squeeze the juice
To extract the nut
To remove more roasted and spoiled grains
Slowly grind the grains in a grinder jar for 10 minutes
Add water as required (seven times) to the prepared paste and mix in a grinder
Strain the mixture through a sieve / cloth
Separate the milk
(Halva can be made from the materials above the sieve)
Add cardamom powder in milk and boil till it rises
Canned milk can be used after cooling
Putting the mixture in milk for one night will make yoghurt
The process of making milk-yogurt from peanuts
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Sesame:
Gujarat ranks first in sesame production in the country. And the state's production of about 1.4 lakh metric tonnes, about 28% of the total sesame production in the country. Its traditional use for oil and its husk is used for animal feed. Sesame is also used in making various deficient items and in many Indian dishes. Demand for good quality sesame seeds without husks is increasing in India and abroad. In Gujarat, there are opportunities to set up state-of-the-art sesame dehilling units.
Castor:
Gujarat is a major producer of castor and with an annual production of about 3 lakh metric tonnes, it accounts for 90% of the world's production. The state ranks first in the world in castor productivity. Value addition of castor crop is currently done by making castor oil as well as derivatives of first and second generation. The brightest potential for capital investment in this sector lies in the production of higher "Generation" derivatives from castor oil.
Cotton:
The white gold cotton crop, discovered about four thousand years ago, is an important cash crop. The cotton crop plays an important role in the economic as well as social system of the country. There are more than 20 cotton producing countries. China, India, and the United States are the major contributors. India is the second largest producer of cotton in the world after China. Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh are the major cotton growing states.
The productivity of cotton in our country is about 1 kg / ha. This crop is grown in an area of approximately 31.56 lakh hectares. According to an estimate of the year 2007-08, the production of cotton in our country is 2.4 million bales. In addition to 80% of the entire human race, the natural fiber (fiber / r) containing cellulose for its various uses is met by a single cotton crop. This fiber is an important raw material in the textile industry.
Cotton seeds contain about 15 to 20% oil. It produces good quality edible oil. Flour after oil extraction is used to make animal feed. Protein, vegetable and other products are also made from other edible oilseeds in the same way. Thus, by processing the above crops and converting them into different valued products, there is a great possibility of selling them at home as well as exporting them abroad.
Soybeans
In the bean class, the protein content of different types of beans is about 20%. Soybeans are a crop that has a protein content of 90%, or about twice as much as pulses. The protein obtained from 100 grams of soybean is equal to the amount of protein obtained from 1 liter of milk or 200 grams of eggs or 100 grams of meat. In comparison, the vegetable protein obtained from soybean is much cheaper and easier to obtain than the protein obtained from other sources.
According to today's market price, to get 1 kg of protein from soybean, Rs. 100 has to be spent. While the same amount of protein obtained through peanut seeds costs Rs. Rs., Rs. 280, Rs. 500, Rs. Fifty five, Rs. 250 and Rs. You have to spend Rs. In addition, soybean protein is considered to be one of the best vegetable sources in terms of quality.
This is because the essential amino acids in it are similar to the amino acids approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to 70% protein, soybeans contain 20% oil, 28% carbohydrates and essential minerals, fiber, salts and vitamins. Soybeans produce good quality oil. About 70% of the world's edible oil is supplied through soybean oil.
The share of soybean oil in our country is about 12% of the total edible oil. Out of the total production of soybean in our country, it is mainly used for 10% for seeds, 25 to 30% for oil extraction and the remaining 10 to 15% for various food products.
Soybeans are used to make a variety of food products, such as whole soy flour, soybeans, soy milk, soypinir (tofu), soy yogurt, soy shrikhand, soy ice cream, soy poona and bakery items. Although soybeans are made into many quality dishes as mentioned above, their consumption is very low today. The main reason for this is that soybeans cannot be used directly.
Direct use of it in the diet harms the anti-nutrients in it. Therefore, before using soybeans, it is not only necessary but also very important to remove the anti-nutrients in them. Processing of soybean is very necessary to remove this harmful element. Soybeans can be used in the diet only after processing.
Soybeans, a good source of protein, can be used in a variety of diets on a daily basis.
Method
Take good quality soybeans available in the market and clean them to remove underdeveloped, damaged seeds and impurities. Then prepare the lentils by drying them in the sun or in an electric oven, separating the top husks with a traditional bell or house bell. Put dal prepared in this way in 3 liters of boiling water in the amount of 1 kg and boil for 30 minutes. Drain the boiled soybeans in the heat of the sun or in a dryer till the moisture content is 2 to 3%. Grind this dried processed lentils and seal in a polythene bag.
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Food use: -
Whole soy flour is prepared by processing soybean as per above. This whole soy flour can be used in daily diet to get the required amount of protein. The whole soy flour prepared in this way is mixed with 10% grain flour (wheat, millet, maize, sorghum, etc.) (i.e. 1 kg whole soy flour and 2 kg whole grain flour) from which bread, bhakri, paratha, puri and bakery
Dishes can be prepared and included in the daily diet. Alternatively, whole soy flour can be mixed with gram flour in the ratio of 1: 1 to make save, bhajiya, chakri, etc. The complete Soylot prepared as above can be stored for up to 2 months if packed properly in a polythene bag. It is advisable to use them within 15 days after opening the packet.
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