Scientific cultivation of banana
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Scientific cultivation of banana
Banana is one of the leading fruit crops in the world. After mango, banana is the second most important fruit crop in India
Ripe bananas are used for eating. When raw bananas are grown. Eaten as babyfood in Kerala. The fruit is used to make wafers, flour powders and jams. The leaves are made from banana leaves. The trunk is a good food for cattle. Banana peel ash is used for coloring. Drying the stalks of banana leaves produces salts. Dhobi people in the Konkan region use this salt instead of soap.
Spread and area:
Banana is grown in all the regions of the tropics. India ranks first in the world in terms of total banana production with a share of 19.28%. In India, banana is cultivated in an area of 2.5 lakh hectares. Out of which 14.1 lakh tonnes of bananas are produced. However, India's contribution to world trade is negligible. In India, banana is grown mainly in the states of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Gujarat.
In Gujarat, banana is cultivated in a total of 450 hectares. Out of this, 14.50 lakh tonnes of bananas are harvested every year. In Gujarat, this crop is grown mainly in Surat, Bharuch, Navsari, Anand, Narmada, Vadodara and Junagadh districts.
Varieties
More than 200 varieties of bananas are known in India. Out of which only 12 varieties are under cultivation in India plus less. For Gujarat, 'Basrai', Bombagri (iron) 'Robusta' as well as the Grand Nine variety of Israel are under commercial cultivation.
Basrai:
This is a small (1.5 to 2 m) variety that comes from the Dwarf Cavendish group. This variety is grown commercially in Gujarat, Maharashtra and West Bengal. Being petite can cause a collision against the wind. Panama is resistant to disease. But can not tolerate the cold. The average weight of a loom is 20 to 80 kg. The color of the fruit is greenish yellow and the fruit is moderately curved. This quality is good in production. But the durability of the fruit is weak.
Robusta:
This variety is selected from Brombe Green variety. This type of plant is tall (2 to 3 m) bananas are long in color, green and plump. Currently a very popular variety for Gujarat. The average weight of a loom is Rs. This variety is more suitable for export as it has better durability than Basrai variety.
Scientific cultivation of banana
Grand Nine:
Is an internationally renowned variety. Fruit production is very good. The average weight of a loom is about 80 kg and the bananas mature in 12 months after planting. With good fitness, the weight of a loom can be as much as 25 to 30 kg. Due to good quality of fruits, the area under this variety is gradually increasing in Gujarat. This requires more fertilizer. The plants are of medium height. Support becomes necessary after the loom arrives. There are many favorable varieties for export.
બાળકો માટે ઉપયોગી ઈ કન્ટેન્ટ , વિડીયો દ્વારા સરળ શિક્ષણ, SSA દ્વારા પ્રસ્તુત :-
ધોરણ 5 , ધોરણ 6 , ધોરણ 7 , ધોરણ 8
Weather:
The banana crop usually adapts to hot and humid climates. The average temperature from planting to ripening is 40 C. It is best for crops if the temperature is above 20 સે C. Going down, the physiological functions of the roots and plants slow down. Due to which banana crop looks yellow in winter in Central Gujarat. At the same time, if the humidity is more than 50%, the crop benefits. Winters and summers in Gujarat are less humid. So if the crop is planted at the beginning of monsoon, there is a special benefit. Excessive wind damage to banana crop. So fencing the crop around the crop which will protect the crop from wind, heat and cold. Increased cold has an adverse effect on production. To protect the crop from cold, windbreak fences should be constructed around the fence. Irrigate when it is colder. Wadi should be smoked as well as covered.
Land:
The banana crop has fertile well-drained and medium black loamy deep soils. If the acidity of the soil (pH) is between 6.5 to 7.5, then that soil is considered excellent for banana crop. Total soluble salts in drinking water should be less than 1200. Thus the banana crop cannot tolerate salinity at all.
Yellow / Tumor Selection and Grooming:
For the success of the banana crop, choose passionate yellow with sword-shaped edged leaves or knots with such leaves. The average weight of the nodules should be between 500 gms to 1000 gms. Now the consumption of plants produced from tissue culture has increased in cultivation. Therefore, to select only quality plants that have been prepared in a good laboratory with a height of one foot and three to four leaves.
Treating yellow / tumors before planting can prevent many diseases of banana before it occurs. Remove the old roots on the knots and dissolve these knots in 20 liters of Oriofungin per 100 liters of water or 100 grams of Bavistein in 100 liters of water for one and half hours, then remove and dry in half shade. Then before planting, make lumps in the soil and sprinkle 2 to 3 grams of carbofuran on it.
Scientific cultivation of banana
It is recommended to plant bananas at a distance of 1.5 ૧ 1.5 m. Planting at a distance less than this is not beneficial in terms of profit-to-cost ratio. However, according to the research done at Ganadevi, the highest production of bananas has been obtained by planting the banana crop in a triangular pattern using twin necklaces at a distance of 1.0 × 1.220 meters. To mix 10 kg of desi manure or other organic manure available in the market in the amount of 500 gm per pit in the pre-made pit and mix it with the soil of the pit. Place the knot in the center of the pit and press the soil around in such a way that the top is slightly open so that no air cavities remain. If there is no rain after planting, water immediately. It is beneficial to plant banana in Central Gujarat from 15th June to 15th July. Early or late planting increases the chances of thrips. If planting is done too late, the growth of the plant is stunted, and the loom becomes smaller. Special care should be taken to save planting time. It is not objectionable when planting is done late in South Gujarat.
Scientific cultivation of banana
Banana Fertilizer:
When preparing the pits at the time of planting the nodules in banana, mix 10 kg of well-known manure or compost manure per pit and plant it. In addition to this, 200 gm nitrogen, 100 gm phosphorus and 200 gm potash per plant should be given in the timely manner as follows.
In addition, spraying of 2% urea (200 gm in 10 liters of water) after looming increases the size and weight of the fruit.
In addition to the recommended fertilizers, other fertilizers like castor oil, rock phosphate, bone meal, poultry manure, sugarcane factory pressed, leather mill manure etc. can be used in appropriate proportions. Apply fertilizer in the soil 50 cm around the plant. Making far khamanu and giving irrigation with soil. It is recommended to apply 10 kg ferrous sulphate or 20 kg zinc sulphate per hectare for secondary elements.
Irrigation system in banana:
As banana plant has short roots and fibrous roots and also grows fast, it needs special irrigation like fertilizer. Special care should be taken to ensure that the banana crop does not get waterlogged at any stage. Generally water regularly at intervals of 10 to 12 days in winter and at intervals of 3 to 4 days in summer. Irrigation of banana crop by drip method increases production with efficient use of water and saving of Rs. To arrange drip system, two drippers with a capacity of four liters per hour should be placed at a distance of 20 cm on each side of the trunk. Watering at intervals of one and a half to two hours in winter and three hours in summer.
ધો. 3 થી 8 માટે નિબંધ પોથી ગુજરાતી, હિન્દી, અંગ્રેજી ડાઉનલોડ કરો
Weed control in banana crop:
It is especially important to keep the banana crop weed free. After the end of monsoon in the banana crop, in September-October, plow with Karbadi or Gandhi Allen Karb to make the soil soft and fertile so that air circulation in the soil and weeds are removed. Then level the soil. Most of the weeds can be removed by timely weeding by hand after weeding.
According to the latest research conducted at Anand, it is recommended to adopt integrated weed control for effective and efficient weed control in banana crop. In this, after adding soil to the banana crop, a herbicide called Duron is applied at the rate of Rs. Mix the active ingredient in 1,200 liters of water and spray and then do a hand weed for 30 days.
To remove yellow:
It is especially important to remove the yellow from the side of the main stem of the banana. As it grows again, it has to be cut again in 101 days, which increases the labor cost. According to the research done at Navsari to prevent the re-emergence of cut yellow, make a solution of 20 gm 2D (Fernazone 40% Sodium Salt) in 1 liter of water and put only 4 to 5 drops of it in the middle of the cut yellow. The trunk of the plant will be affected, and the plant will sag. In order to facilitate this grooming, make a toothpick and apply it in the above solution in the middle of the pelvis to get proper grooming.
Scientific cultivation of banana
Crop protection:
Pests:
Banana stem bark (Rhizome weave):
The female of this insect lays eggs around the tumor in the trunk. Caterpillars damage the tumor by penetrating inside. Giving 40 gms of granular ferrate per plant gives good control.
Worm:
Worms in the roots of plants damage crops. Decay due to root blackening. Plants that transplant the yolk of such diseased plants do not grow. Applying 50 gm of carbofuran per plant in the pit at the time of planting and in the fourth month after planting gives effective control.
Diseases
Immature banana ripening:
This is a terrible disease of banana crop. In Gujarat, Surat, Bharuch and Vadodara districts have suffered a lot from this disease. This disease causes banana leaves to turn yellow. The leaf has a red spot with a yellow edge. And the bananas ripen early and wither. The quality decreases and there is a lot of loss financially. This disease is the result of many factors. To control the disease, it is recommended to spray 5 grams of Carbendism in 10 liters of water and 10 grams of Captafol in 10 liters of water at the same time every month. Apart from this, as mentioned earlier, to give yellow grooming. This will also control the disease called banana sigatoka.
Panama (Socaro):
However, this fungal disease is not particularly prevalent in Gujarat at present. Signs of the disease include leaf rupture in the middle and yellowing of the leaves. Often the whole plant collapses. This is also the case with excess nitrogen and tillage. Basrai variety is resistant to this disease.
Product:
Banana production is generally based on banana variety, fitness, soil and weather. The average yield of banana in Gujarat is 35 to 40 tons per hectare. Which is number one in the country but now it has become a common thing for many farmers in Gujarat to get 50 to 100 tons of produce per hectare. Domestic consumption of bananas is very high in the state. In addition, large quantities of bananas are exported to the states of North India.
Banana Questions and Solutions:
The state of Gujarat has the potential to increase the production per unit of this crop. The following are the causal questions and necessary solutions for not producing more bananas.
The banana crop cannot tolerate the alkalinity and acidity of the soil or water at all. It is very important to be 4.5 to 7.5. Depth of soil to a pan, which impedes rooting. It is not advisable to cultivate banana in such land as it does not fall under heavy black soil as well as light soil at all.
As the life span of banana crop is about 12 to 18 months, more organic manure should be applied in the soil for which 30 to 50 tons of manure per hectare should be given and as many other organic manures, flour, poultry manure etc. should be used as possible.
In Gujarat, two to three banana varieties are prevalent for planting. Recently, Israel's Grand Nine varieties have also been scattered. But whether this variety is suitable for this area should be examined and it should be insisted to choose Robasta variety for planting to be more productive and good quality.
Often the yield is lower if the choice of yellow / knots for planting is not right. For this, usually yellow narrow-leafed sword-shaped leaves, which should be three to four months old and the nodules should weigh 500 to 1000 grams. At the same time, before planting, yellow / lumps should be dissolved in 10 liters of water with 2 gm of Oriophangin or 10 gm of Carbendazim for one and half hours and then taken out and used for planting after drying in half shade.
As the banana crop is tropical, it is well adapted to hot and humid climate and extreme cold has adverse effect on production. To protect the crop from cold, windbreak fences should be constructed around the fence. Irrigate when it is colder. Wadi should be smoked as well as covered.
As the banana crop has to face all the seasons during its lifetime as well as during flowering and fruit development period, it is advisable to plant bananas from 15th June to 15th July according to the research environment of Gujarat. Also for higher production it is necessary to plant at 1.5 ૮ 1.5 m.
Scientific cultivation of banana
Under no circumstances should the crop experience water scarcity as the banana crop is evergreen as well as the effective area of its leaves is more. Therefore, this crop should be irrigated on 10 to 12 days in winter, 3 to 4 days in summer and in monsoon if required. Drip irrigation provides efficient use of nitrogen as well as fertilizer at the rate of Rs. 100 per plant and yield is higher and earlier as the crop is free from weeds.
ઘરે શીખીએ 2.0 અંક 1 ધોરણ :- 6 અને 1 થી 8 માટે ડાઉનલોડ કરો. ન્યુ જુલાઈ 2021
Yield in banana crop is affected if it is not removed in time. For which yellowing appears in the crop or removing the cuttings immediately and placing two to three drops of kerosene in between on the cut yellow part has shown good benefit without new yellowing.
Banana crops are warmed by the heat of the sun. Which affects the quality of the fruit. With which the market price is lower. The leaf should be covered on the loom to avoid this effect.
The question of bananas being planted in bananas is a very perplexing one. Which has a sweet effect on production and market prices. In the case of banana crop, the end of the banana becomes thin and narrow. The place where mava does not develop. Due to the small size of these bananas, the monopolists / traders do not offer adequate or low prices. Attempts have been made to gather research-based information to do so. But no definite conclusion has been reached. However, the results of the experimental experiments show that the soil is poor, the fertility is low and the crop has not been given adequate nutrients as well as excessive cold 15C. Such factors have the opposite effect if the long period of temperature below is at the time of weaning and the monsoon has departed early or planted late.
For this, suitable soil should be selected for the crop as shown above. Timely planting and application of required and recommended nutrients such as 200 gm nitrogen per plant, 100 gm phosphorus and 200 gm potash at the right time and in three equal portions in the third, fourth and fifth month after planting. Apply manure as base fertilizer as mentioned earlier before planting.
In the question of weeds, it is very important to keep the banana crop weed free. For which the weed should be kept free from weeds by laborers and santi. Mixing banana crop and saving it and spraying it on the ground will give effective result
After 50% looming, spraying of 2 kg urea in 1 gram 100 liters of water with gibberellic acid is beneficial.
In addition to this, if we give the fourth installment in 4 installments instead of 3 installments, then after the loom is gone, the benefit is known.
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Apply fertilizers as well as soil on the trunk.
Ginger, turmeric and white musli can be initially taken as a mixed crop in banana.
If banana lam is to be harvested, after the loom is completely gone, keep a healthy one yellow and keep cutting the remaining yellow regularly, which will give another loom in another 6 to 7 months.
Scientific cultivation of banana
Author:
Mrs. Amita Parmar, Subject Specialist (Horticulture)
Dr. G. G. Patel Program Coordinator
Publisher: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Anand Krishi University, Devataj (Sojitra) J. Anandphone No. 028841
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