Requirements, importance and methods of diluting cotton seeds
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Cotton is an important cash crop. Known as white gold, India ranks second in the world after China in the production of this crop. Gujarat also ranks first in cotton production in India. The cultivation of cotton crop has been steadily increasing for the last few years. Given the prevalence of cultivation, its processing technology is also constantly improving. Many factors play a role in increasing the quality of any crop. Such as soil fertility, irrigation system, use of improved seeds, use of organic and chemical fertilizers, use of pesticides, besides modern farming methods etc. are the main ones. Of all these factors, the most important factor is the use of clean as well as improved seeds.
Considering the composition of the cotton crop, great care has to be taken to produce seed from it or to separate the seed. For this it is necessary to get acquainted with the different parts of cotton as well as its quality and classification. Which is given as follows. After the cotton crop is ready in the field, the cotton is collected by weaving from its kala by hand or by picker machine. Seeds, linters and fiber (fiber, Rs.) Are the main part of it. Cotton is separated into two parts by a ginning machine called fiber and liners. The tiny cellulose-containing fibers that remain in the ginseng on the seed are called linters or fuzz. The proportion of linters or fudge seeds is about 3 to 4%. The industrial processing industry in particular uses these linters or fuzzy to make cellulose and other materials. It is imperative to remove these linters before letting the seeds go to the next process. As cotton is a national as well as an international crop, its specific quality and classification standards are adopted from time to time.
For quality especially moisture, loss, trash material, purity, strength, micronor value, list count and color etc. are preferred in cotton, while the classification is done as follows. Cotton fibers are classified into different staple groups according to their length. Cotton seeds for oil milling are classified as Grade-I, Grade-III and Grade-III as per IS: 320-16. This classification covers the other four to five aspects of seed moisture, oil percentage and above. Seeds with moisture content of 8% and oil content of 20% are graded in grade-1, seeds with 10% moisture and 12% oil are graded in grade-I and seeds with 12% moisture and 15% oil are graded in grade-4. Is. Linters are classified into first cut, second cut and millennial section according to its delinquent cut as per IS: 9517–18. Generally, the length of the linters is 8 to 12 mm as well as those found in the first machine cut are classified in the first cut. In the second cut, the length of the linters is fixed at 2 to 6 mm. The third classification is that the length of the linters is 2 to 12 mm and is obtained by the first or second cut is called miller.
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Deleting: -
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Requirement: - After separation of fiber / cotton and cotton seeds in ginning machine, cotton seeds have small fluffy fibers on them, which are called linters or fuzz. It is essential to remove these linters or fudges so that linters free seeds are obtained as well as increase the recovery of oil for milling purposes. At present, it is estimated that only 3% of the total cotton production in our country is delinquent. After delinquency, linters are used to make currency paper etc. China buys from Gujarat on a large scale for this.
Importance:
Obtaining linter free seeds makes it very easy for mechanical sowing. Seeds obtained through diluting can be well stored as well as packed. So that the seeds can be protected from moisture and insects. Easy coating, coloring and other pre-treatment can be done on the seeds. Rs. 20 to 30, so that the income can be increased, as well as the defrosted flour can be used in dairy industries etc.
Cotton Deleting Methods: -
1) Traditional delisting method: -
In this method, linters containing cotton seeds are put in a water drum and mixed with dung and soil and rubbed by hand. The seeds are then re-washed with water - dried in the sun or used directly for planting. This method is adopted for the purpose of using seeds on a small scale.
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2) Mechanical delinquency method: -
A) Brush and screen mechanism method: -
In this type of delinquent process, the delinter machine rotates a drum of a certain size with a shaft in a screen type cage. The exact gap between the drum and the screen is set according to the type and shape of the seed. A brush is placed around the drum. Abrasive material is also used instead of brushes. But in this the loss of seed is more. The seed containing the linters is released into the hopper by a regulator, which removes the linters by the constant rush of the brush between the rotating drum and the stationary screen at a certain speed regulating the seed. Thus the scattered linters are removed. These detached linters are pulled through the screen by a vacuum and collected separately from this outlet. Seed shape plays an important role in this method. Spherical shaped seeds can easily release linters, while oblong or irregularly shaped seeds have difficulty releasing linters. In this way 60 to 70% of seeds can be recovered in the first run and up to 90% in the second pass.
B) Flame mechanism method: -
In this method, the cotton linters are carefully fed into the hopper, pretreated in a large conveyor belt and then allowed to enter the flame chamber by an elevator. The temperature of the entire chamber, including the seed, is regulated by the regulator in the flame chamber as it remains below its critical level for any time. Periodically applying flame burns the fungus (linters) in the linear seeds above the rotating screen, which are removed separately. In this method it is especially advisable to see that the temperature of the seed does not rise suddenly at any time to maintain its viability.
3) Chemical delisting method: -
This method is specially adopted for seed purposes. This is called the acid diluting method. The seeds are mixed with commercial grade concentrated sulfuric acid (7.5%) for a specific period of time depending on the species. The mixture is then washed with water, treated with lime water for 2 to 3 minutes and then the seeds are dipped in water. Good seeds are heavy and settle to the bottom in water. Which is sifted separately and used for seeds and other purposes. Light, immature seeds float on the surface of the water, which is removed.
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2) Gas Deleting System: -
The question of sulfuric acid pollution remains a major one in the chemical diluting system. Even the working artisan in particular can sometimes be a loser. In addition to this, water and soil are also wasted by dumping the solution after delisting. Cotton seeds can be diluted with ASCL (anhydrous hydrochloric gas) to overcome this problem.
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For this ASCL gas cylinder with pressure of 5 kg / sq. Cm is required. Which is available from the market. The cylinder is connected to the delining machine by a manifold. As it is a highly corrosive gas, its manifold, pressure regulator, pressure valve, pipeline etc. should be made of special type of steel i.e. AISI-314L stainless steel. After connecting the cylinder to the machine, the pressure stepwise has to be lowered in three stages. In the first stage 45 to 20 kg / sq. Cm, in the second stage 20 to 10 kg / sq. Cm and in the third stage 10 to 2 kg / sq. Cm. The gas is then released in such a way that the gas flow meter shows 2 kg / sq. Cm. This method requires 8 to 10 kg of gas to delineate one ton of linear seed. The price of gas at the current market price is around Rs. Per kg. The weight of the compressed gas in the cylinder is about 30 to 32 kg. Is equal to.
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