Summer Groundnut
Scientific cultivation method of summer groundnut
Importance of crop:
Peanut is considered as the king of oilseed crops. Peanuts are currently grown in more than 100 countries. India ranks first in the world among the world's largest groundnut growing countries with an area of 6 to 7 million hectares. 1000 kg per hectare in the country. With an average productivity of, the total production is approximately 5 to 6 million metric tons. Gujarat is the largest producer and producer of groundnut in India.
In the state of Gujarat, groundnut is cultivated in an area of approximately 15 to 18 lakh hectares. Out of which estimated production is 40 to 5 lakh tonnes. In Gujarat, summer groundnut is grown in an area of 1.5 to 2.0 lakh hectares. Most of the groundnut cultivation in Gujarat and mainly in Saurashtra-Kutch is dependent on monsoon rains. In Gujarat, 90% vertical, 50% weldy and semi-weldy groundnuts are cultivated.
Peanuts are important for food (oil, groundnut and its products), fodder is important for mining and fertilizer It is a crop that provides foreign exchange to the country. Being a legume crop adds nitrogen to the soil.
Climate:
Medium and loamy soils are more suitable for groundnut crop. In addition, peanuts can be grown well in sandy, loamy soils with good fertility. In the state of Gujarat, groundnut is mainly grown in Saurashtra and North Gujarat. In North Gujarat, vertical and semi-weldy peanuts are cultivated.
Soil Preparation:
As groundnut pods occur in the soil, it is especially important to maintain soil fertility, soil moisture retention and soil porosity for its required growth. For this, the land should be deeply plowed and the next crop of weeds, roots, etc. should be weeded and well fertilized manure should be applied at the rate of eight to ten dustan per hectare and two to three times should be plowed and repaired to make my land soft and full.
Sowing time and planting method: Summer groundnut 3 to 5 cm. Can grow well in temperatures. Peanuts should be planted immediately so that it is less cold in January. Selecting early maturing budding varieties for planting so that harvesting and threshing can be completed before monsoon rains.
Seed Grooming
Seed grooming is very important to protect against soil and seed borne diseases like seed rot and Ugsuk disease. For this, tabukonazole or thyrum medicine should be applied at the rate of 5 gm / kg seed. In addition, to reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers, a good rhizobium and phosphate culture can be planted.
Hazard Management -
In order to give fertilizers, it is more advisable for the farmer to get the sample of his farm land tested in the soil testing laboratory and to give fertilizers as per the recommendation. Apply 8 to 10 tons of good manure per hectare or 1 ton of Diveleli fertilizer and chemical fertilizer only once in the base. In case of deficiency of sulfur in the soil, apply 20 kg of sulfur per hectare.
In summer peanuts, apply 2 kg nitrogen per hectare and 20 kg phosphorus per hectare. Peanuts are a bean crop that carries nitrogen from the air to its roots. So that there is no need to give adequate fertilizer to the peanut crop. If necessary, do another spray at intervals of eight to ten days.
Irrigation:
If summer groundnut is to be sown by sowing, sowing of groundnut should be done after first irrigation. If sowing is to be done in dry, after sowing, make measuring beds and irrigate.
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