Modern Coconut Cultivation Method (Kalpavriksha) Farming Idea
Modern Coconut Cultivation Method (Kalpavriksha) Farming Idea
Weather:
Land:
Coconut varieties:
Conservation:
Matrix selection:
Seed selection:
Rope rearing:
Rope selection:
Planting
Fertilizer:
Irrigation:
Intercrops:
Pests and diseases:
Diseases:
Weave and product:
From folk songs to folk songs, coconut is associated with proverbs. Coconut, which has been living with man from birth to marriage and death, is considered to be the fruit of Shrifal Shri i.e. Lakshmiji. Coconut is also known as "kalpavriksha" or "tree of heaven" because all the parts of coconut such as roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, fruits and various parts of fruit are used in human life as well as in industry. The life of the people of South India is coconut. Coconut is cultivated in Gujarat in an area of 20.2 hectares. Navsari, Valsad, Surat, Junagadh, Kutch and Bhavnagar districts have bright opportunities for new plantings.
Weather:
The crop is well adapted to the coastal climate. The climate is very conducive to the cultivation of coconuts where the humidity is maintained for many months without much change in temperature. The average temperature of the area is 31C. The flower buds of the tree stop coming out where it stays below.
Land:
Coconut can be grown in almost any type of soil except poorly drained shale and hard rocky soils. Coastal fertile and well drained, sandy, loamy, alluvial soils are more suitable for this crop.
Coconut varieties:
There are three types of coconut. West Coast High Variety, Chickney and Hybrid Varieties West Coast High Variety, Chickney (Green) and Hybrid D x T and T x D Varieties have different characteristics and each has different characteristics which are shown in the table below.
Modern Coconut Cultivation Method (Kalpavriksha) Farming Idea
Quality
Height (m)
The onset of fruit
Average
Production (fruit / tree / year)
Average copra weight
(G / fruit)
Important features
High on the west coast
Quality
12-9
6 to 8
30-40
13
(1) Variety for water and ripe fruit
(2) That is why fruit is bound by tradition
See many variations in fruits and trees
Get
Green chick
10-12 6.5 to 9
40-4
20
(1) Quality for raw water
(Special for Tarofa)
(3) Self-pollination binds fruit.
(2) The female also produces more fruit
The setting of the fruit is reduced.
Hybrid T x D
15-30
4 to 5
100-150
120
Manual for water and ripe fruit
Hybrid T x D
15-30
6 to 7.5
100-150
120
Modern Coconut Cultivation Method (Kalpavriksha) Farming Idea
(1) Looms need support.
(4) Varieties for water and ripe fruits
Among the above mentioned varieties, hybrid DXT variety is recommended for cultivation in the State of Gujarat.
Conservation:
Coconut breeding is very different from seed as well as from pollination through pollination. The rope should be 7-8 months old with 3-4 healthy leaves.
Matrix selection:
The tree should be free from pathogens at the age of 8 to 20 years. Every year 12 to 15 new leaves should emerge and flower arrangement should emerge from each leaf cell. The trunk of the tree should be straight and have 30 to 40 healthy leaves and the arrangement of the leaves should be in the shape of an umbrella. The peduncle should be short and the tree should bear an elliptical fruit with more than 50 large rounds every year.
Seed selection:
Remove mature (11 to 12 months) mature coconuts from selected matriarchal plants and select large to round oval shaped, disease free coconuts and rest in shade for one to one and half months.
Rope rearing:
Coconut seeds with proportionate amount of water in the seed are planted 30 cm inside the nursery. 30 cm. To sow the seed stand at a distance of no distance from the ground. Then water regularly as needed. Seedling growth has been good with application of 150 kg nitrogen (20 kg in the form of urea and 20 kg in the form of castor meal) per hectare five months after planting. To take weed as well as crop protection measures as required in the nursery.
Rope selection:
According to a study, the selection of good quality coconut seedlings has resulted in a 15% increase in production, so the selection of seedlings is a very important aspect. The following points need to be kept in mind while selecting the rope: (1) The rope should be 9 to 12 months old. (2) The more the girth of the plant's trunk, the better the rope. (2) Depending on the age, 3 to 4 should have healthy green leaves and be free from diseases and pests.
Planting
For native and hybrid varieties it is advisable to keep a distance of 2.5 m x 2.5 m and for small varieties a distance of 2 m x 2 m between two rows and two trees in a row. The size of the pit for planting coconut is 1 m x 1 m x 1 m or 20 cm. x 20 cm x 20 cm Digging pits of size. Let the pit heat up properly in the sun for 10-15 days. Add 50 kg of well-drained manure and 20 gms of DAP along with the soil. And 200 gm murate of potash and chlorpyrifos 20% EC for control of weevils. Mix 20th medicine in 10 liters of water and fill the pit.
Fertilizer:
Coconut crop yields 1.2–0.20–1.5 kg. G. It is recommended to give fertilizer according to the number of trees / year. And 20 kg per tree. Apply gram manure. Making niches around trees for chemical fertilizers. Apply fertilizer in a radius of 5 meters from the trunk if about 50% of the coconut root is surrounded by a 3 meter radius around the trunk. Fertilizers should be given in two equal installments in June-July and September-October. In the monsoon, when the green paddy crop starts flowering, it should be buried immediately. Lemongrass 2 kg / tree should be given. Give fertilizers as shown in the table.
Modern Coconut Cultivation Method (Kalpavriksha) Farming Idea
Irrigation:
During the first three years, irrigate the coconut trees regularly in sufficient quantity, i.e. 3 to 15 days in winter and 3 to 4 days in summer, depending on the soil type. In the first year of the beginning, make a square or round of one meter. Then continue to increase the size of the khamana every year, which in the fourth year should be irrigated in such a way that the khamana is filled with water by making a round khamana of 5 m square or 5.5 m radius. One year of water scarcity reduces two years of garden production. Coconut crop can be irrigated by drip irrigation system.
Intercrops:
All the crops can be taken as a mixed crop in the early years in the coconut orchard. Then shade crops like ginger, turmeric, turmeric can be grown. Wheat, sorghum, sorghum, vegetables etc. can be grown in coconut after the tree or coconut plant nursery has grown. Horticultural crops like banana, arecanut, pepper, nagarvel can also be grown in areas where there is adequate availability of fresh water. Additional supplementary income is earned by planting arecanut, cocoa or coffee, coconut and arecanut trees in the unit area in South India.
Pests and diseases:
(1) Black headed caterpillar: In the stage of caterpillar this insect eats the green part of the leaf by making it like a weevil at the bottom of the leaf strip and if the amount of infestation increases then the leaf turns white and in case of heavy infestation the size of the fruit remains small. Stands up.
Control: Spray DDVP (Dichlorohos) 0.02% (10 ml drug in 10 liters of water).
(3) Rhinoceros Insect: This insect makes a hole in the underside of the newly emerging leaf (in the trunk) and leaves the key. When the leaf comes out, a fan-shaped cut is seen. Infestation of this pest is more prevalent in small trees.
Control:
Destroy the insects by inserting a rod-shaped rod into the perforated part of the trunk.
Putting pesticide (Chlorpyrifos 50% EC) in the hole to stop.
Keep the garden clean as these pests breed in rotten garbage heaps.
Keep spraying 5% parathion powder in the compost pit every 15 to 20 days.
Destroy insects using light cages.
(2) Abdomen: In the coconut garden, rats make a hole in the mouth of raw coconut and drink water.
Modern Coconut Cultivation Method (Kalpavriksha) Farming Idea
Control:
At a height of 6 to 7.5 m above the trunk of the coconut, apply 20 cm of 2 gauge galvanized or aluminum foil. Apply wide stripes or conical leaves.
Place the prepared wax cake of bromadiolone on the tree.
(2) Coconut fennel: There are three types of coconuts in Gujarat. Out of which, economic loss has been reported from Kathiri of Daryophid clan. While the economic losses of Red Cactus of Tenupalpid family and Caterpillar Caterpillar of Tetra are relatively less. Eryophytes are hardy, white in color, worm-shaped with two pairs of legs and very microscopic. Which cannot be seen with the naked eye so its nuisance can be detected from the signs of damage on the fruit. Its infestation begins with female flowers as well as stems. In fruits 6 to 7 months after fruiting, the caterpillar stays under the cover in the developing tissues of the fruit with its needle-like mucus and sucks the juice and damages it. As a result, the tissues in the early part of the fruit die. Highly invasive tissue may initially appear pale yellow, followed by gray patches. The size of the fruit remains small as the growth of infested fruits stops. And the fruit looks ugly. As a result, the deteriorating quality of the fruit adversely affects the market price of green coconut (tarofa). The peeling of the fruit reveals cracks, and sometimes more infested fruit can be exposed to a gum-like substance. As a result of the loss of kathiri, the production of copra has declined by 30 per cent and the total production of coconut by 30 to 40 per cent. The quality of kathi obtained from such infested fruits is also poor which in turn hurts the extra income received by the farmers. Such huts can only be used as fuel. If the infestation of caterpillars is high, small fruits fall down from the tree. Collect and burn such fallen fruits. In coconut crop 20 kg per hectare fertilizer, 3 kg of lemongrass + 1200 50 * 1500 gm of: F: Po (in two installments) and a solution of azadirachtin 1500 ppm can be sprayed on the leaves thrice a year. Is.
Only small fruits in clusters of coconut need to be sprayed. While large fruits i.e. fruits older than eight months have negligible number of caterpillars. Pesticides can be sprayed by climbing trees or using long bamboos. If the tree is low in height, the climber can take a pneumatic hand prayer with it. Because of this
The spare can be filled with one liter of solution which is enough to spray on 3 to 4 clusters on the tree. New anticoagulants such as Mebactin 1 EC (2 ml) or Propergite 2 EC (2 ml) or Phenazakvin 2 SC (10 ml) mixed in 10 liters of water and sprayed as mentioned above.
There is a simple and easy way to control Kathiri according to which small 20 ml. 20 ml in a plastic pouch. Add 2.5 ml of any neem based medicine in water. After mixing and preparing, open the fresh root of the coconut slightly, cut the graft at the bottom end, insert the root in the above mentioned medicine pouch and tie it with rope or fiber from above. The drug will be absorbed by the root and the gallbladder will be easily controlled.
(3) Red Palm Weevil: If there are holes in the trunk, coffee colored spots are seen and chewed kucha is seen, it indicates damage to the Red Palm Weevil. In further infestation, the leaves turn yellow.
Control: Removal of deciduous trees. To uproot and burn such trees to kill pests. Prevent tree injury as this is where the insect lays its eggs. Spray Chlorpyrifos 0.02% (5 ml in 10 liters of water). When cutting the leaves, cut the foliage to one meter. To kill insects with pheromone traps.
Diseases:
(1) Decay of agar buds: Initially one or two withered leaves turn yellow. In the previous stage, the leaf ball dries and turns yellow. Eventually the whole bunch falls and the tree dies. Infestation occurs during the monsoon. Remove infested tree leaves and clusters and apply body paste. Sprinkle 1% body mixture on clusters of leaves and surrounding trees. Destroy and burn down deciduous trees.
(3) Brown leaf spot: This fungal disease is found especially in potash deficient soils especially in young trees. At the onset of the disease, pale yellow spots appear on the mature leaves. Which has a rotating black edge. The middle part of such dots then turns gray and a yellow or yellow-green edge is seen around it. As the disease progresses, a large part of the leaf dries out. Control: 1. Improving garden drainage as well as providing adequate potassium fertilizer reduces the severity of the disease. . Carbendazim 20% Vepa. (5 gm / 10 liters of water) or one per cent body mixture as required. . Drought: There are many types of drought in coconut, some of which dry out within a few years after the onset of the disease. While Kerala wilted trees live for years. The exact pathogenesis of many sores is also not known.
Control
Proper grooming of dry garden.
Fertilizing as recommended, regular watering as well as other necessary farming activities to be done on time.
Using Trichodema with organic manure.
Special care for raw coconut fall:
The female flowers usually flower within a month after the opening of the coconut inflorescence. Most of the buttons (not filinished) fall off within 6 months after the completion of the filling process which is often considered by the farmers as falling coconut. But what grows after the coconut has grown is the true coconut. Many factors are responsible for this, such as weather, water irregularities, tree maturation, hereditary traits, nutrient deficiencies, endocrine deficiencies, pathogens, etc.
It is advisable to take the following care for this.
Plant more than one tree.
Provide regular and adequate amount of water and recommended fertilizers.
Poorly productive trees should be removed from the garden and replaced.
To take timely pest control measures.
One month after opening the flower scissors (inflorescence) 3, 4-D, 20 ppm. Spray the solution four times a week. (Dissolve 20 mg powder of Horticulture Grade 2, 3-D available in the market in a little water, add the required water and make a solution of 1 liter.
Modern Coconut Cultivation Method (Kalpavriksha) Farming Idea
Weave and product:
Coconut usually matures at 12 months after flowering. If coconut is to be used for raw drinking, raw coconut (tarofa) can be removed at the age of 2-3 months or when it has high sugar content. Good maintenance yields 40-50 coconuts per tree.
Source: Forestry College, no. Kr. U., Navsari, Krisigovidha
College of Agricultural Information Technology, Anand
 Farming Idea){kind=link}
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