Potato Scientific farming method
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Soil preparation
Sowing time
Seed selection
Seed rate
Planting method
Sowing distance
Compost
For the sake of fulfillment
Irrigation
Intercropping and weeding
Crop protection
Information about successful farmers
Potato is an important cash crop of vegetables. Gives more area per unit area and less time compared to cereal crops. The crop yields about seven times more than wheat, nine times more than paddy and eleven times more than maize.
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Soil preparation
The soil is prepared by weeding the next crop, two to three deep plows. In order to maintain the fertility of the soil, mix 5-20 tons of well-fertilized manure and one ton of castor meal per hectare.
Sowing time
Potatoes should be planted around 15th November depending on the temperature. Early or late planting yields less.
Seed selection
Good quality disease free seeds should be selected. When it comes to importing seeds from outside states, it should be free from seed borne diseases like common fab, potato blight and potato blight.
Potato variety should be more productive.
Must be resistant to disease and pests.
The color, luster and shape of the tubers should be good.
The storage capacity of the selected species should be good.
Select the following varieties keeping in view the purpose.
For Kachichara: Kufri Topaz, Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Sutlej, Kufri Fame
For french fries: Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Surya
For storage by heap method: Kukri Badshah, Kufri Jawahar, Kufri Bahar, Fukri Sutlej, Kufri Pushkar
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Potato Scientific farming method
For processing: Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2, Kufri Chipsona-2, Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Locker, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Atlantic
For direct sale after potato harvest: Kufri Badshah, Kufri Topaz, Kufri Sutlej
Seed rate
For sowing 300 to 2OO0 kg per hectare. Seeds are needed.
Use the seeds for sowing whole tubers.
Seed pieces should weigh 5 to 20 grams.
One hectare of potato slice for sowing before sowing with Mancozeb 1 kg 3 kg. Giving dry conch mixed conch. So that the rot in potato can be prevented and the growth of the crop can be good and uniform.
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Use the treated piece in planting only after drying in open shade for 8-10 hours.
Potatoes should be used for planting 6 to 7 days after removal from cold storage when their eyes become like sorghum seeds.
Planting method
Potatoes are usually sown by farmers with plow or plow. Some farmers also do it with a tractor driven planter. Wet planting is done by irrigating the land and preparing the soil.
Apply the recommended amount of base manure in the furrow before planting so that the manure can be used efficiently. 5 cm between the chemical fertilizer and the potato pieces. Fertilizer can be sown at a distance, one row can be sown in the planter and two row can be sown.
Sowing distance
Planting spacing depends on soil type and potato variety. 30 cm between two furrows of potato. And 15 to 20 cm between two plants. Planting at a distance. Sowing at short distances can cause potatoes to turn green, peel when harvested, and cut. Potatoes are usually sown by farmers with plow or plow. Some farmers also do it with a tractor driven planter. Planting by wet method in which irrigation is done, the soil has to be prepared and the nikpala has to be cut.
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Compost
In order to maintain the fertility of the soil, 5-30 tons of manure and one ton of castor oil should be added per hectare while preparing the soil. In addition to greening in monsoon. Potato crop weighs 3 kg. Nitrogen 15 kg. Apply phosphorus and 3 potash per hectare. For this 50 kg. Ammonium solvent, 200 kg. D.A.P. And 3 kg. Murate of potash is required in one hectare.
For the sake of fulfillment
5-30 days after planting of potatoes, the remaining 15 kg. Nitrogen (2 kg urea) per hectare.
Irrigation
In Nikpala method, the upper part of the palate should be given in such a way that it remains empty. Do not give water in such a way that water flows from the nipple to the other nipple. A total of 15 to 18 irrigations are required in loamy soil at intervals of 8 to 10 days. Drip irrigation is recommended in potato crop. In drip system, a hose is arranged in each furrow and a dripper is arranged at a distance of 20 cm to extract 2 liters of water per hour. Irrigate potato crop by drip method for 3 minutes in December-January and 2 minutes in February alternately.
Intercropping and weeding
For effective weeding in potato crop, Metribuzin drug (Sanger) weed is sufficient moisture before or after germination when irrigated. Spray before 3 to 4% of the crop is grown.
Potatoes are a modified stem. So that when it gets sunlight, it turns green and the growth of tubers stops and if the ridges are not raised, the potato stalks turn into stems and grow in the form of potato stalks, so the potato ridges should be adjusted.
Crop protection
Common scab of potato: This disease does not show any symptoms on the plant but when it turns red on the size of the potato, it has gray round rectangular shaped raised or pressed scales. So that the quality of the potatoes is greatly reduced.
Potato Scientific farming method
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To control the disease:
Planting of green paddy in monsoon in infested plots as well as deep plowing in summer to check the soil.
In the infested plot, Rajka millet should be harvested as a crop replacement instead of potato crop every year.
Irrigate the potatoes in a short period of time in the diseased plot and keep the soil moist.
Use assured disease free seeds or use pure seeds prepared in one's own field.
If the disease occurs in the field before sowing the suspected seeds or in the next year, the whole tuber should be soaked in 3% solution of boric acid for 20 minutes in the shade and then cut into pieces and used for planting.
Boric Acid Commercial Assurance 20 kg / ha. Can be applied to the soil before planting with fertilizer.
Early soaking: At the onset of this fungal disease, scattered oval or perpendicular brown spots appear on the lower leaves of the plant. When these dots develop in a favorable environment, they are often seen cycle after cycle. And the disease spreads over every leaf. To control this disease, mix fungicide called Mancozeb in 5 gm of 10 liters of water and spray it on the first day after planting of potatoes and then at the interval of 10 to 15 days. Special spraying when the weather is cloudy or unseasonal.
Back pain: At the beginning of the disease, purple black spots are seen on the top leaves, stems and stems. In very humid climates, white fungus develops under diseased leaf spots. In a favorable environment, the disease appears to have been exacerbated by widespread disease severity. The crop has a strong odor. The disease is found in Central Gujarat (Kheda, Vadodara) and Saurashtra. To control this, spray the drug as per the control of anterior Sukara or if the severity of the disease is higher, spray Metalaxyl (1 kg / ha) or (1.5 kg / ha) dissolved in 1000 liters of water. Two or three such sprays also provide better control of the late blight. In addition, cultivation of Kufri Badshah, Jawahar and TPS varieties resistant to this disease.
Stem necrosis: This disease initially causes brown spots on the trunk. As the severity increases, the scab grows and the leaf stalk spreads to the top and the trunk turns black. Sometimes the trunk breaks and the plants start to dry out. To control the disease, 1 ml of monocrotophos or methyl-a-dimethon is applied at the onset of the disease. Spray per liter of water. If the environment is conducive to the disease, it is advisable to do two more sprays in 15 days. Timely planting reduces the incidence of the disease.
Stem-eating caterpillars: In the early stages of the crop, the plants are damaged by cutting the soil evenly, and in the later stages, when the tubers are planted, they enter and damage the embryos by eating them. For control, apply endosulfan 12.5 ml on the hind and trunk in the evening. Or Carboril 50 gm or Chlorpyrifos 20 ml. Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray.
Leaf-eating caterpillars (Heliothis): Caterpillars damage the leaves by eating them, they are brown or green in color. For control, the caterpillar appears to immediately release endosulfan 15 ml. Or monocrotophos 12.5 ml. Or quinalphos 50ml. Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray.
Sucking type of insects (Molo, Tadtadiya, White Machine): This type of insect stays under the leaf and causes damage by sucking the juice. In addition, insects such as molluscs play an important role as carriers in the spread of viral diseases such as pancharangio, kokadwa etc. Dimethoate or Methyl-O-Dimethone 10 ml for control. Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray. If required, another spray at intervals of 10-15 days can be used to control the sucking type of pests.
Potato Scientific farming method
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