Scientific cultivation method of vegetables
Scientific cultivation method of vegetables
Things to consider in vegetable farming:
Chemical weed control in vegetables:
Our country ranks second in the world after China in the area and production of vegetable crops. During the year 2016-17, the area, production and productivity of vegetable crops in our country was 1016 thousand hectares, 1908 thousand metric tons and 17.8 metric tons / hectare respectively. While the area, production and productivity of vegetable crops in the state of Gujarat is 3.8 thousand hectares, 1388.4 thousand MT and 206 MT / ha respectively which has increased the area, production and productivity of vegetable crops in Gujarat as compared to the previous year.
Vegetable crops play an important role in the human diet. From which mainly carbohydrates, fats, proteins, abundant salts as well as parasites (vitamins) are found. So that vegetables are treated as a protective food. Which gives the body immunity. For a balanced diet, 11 grams of leafy vegetables per head, 25 grams of tubers and 100 grams of other vegetables should be taken in the daily diet for a total of 400 grams of vegetables. But the average daily consumption of vegetables in our country is only 135 grams. The main reason is low production, waste and lack of food. These crops are currently established as cash crops as well as with higher production capacity as compared to other crops. These crops are also prominent in Ayurvedic medicine or its composition.
If modern improved farming method of vegetable crops is adopted, more production can be obtained from the unit area in a short period of time with high quality. In monsoon crops in our state mainly chilli, tomato, eggplant, okra, milk, prawns, tindola, karela, cucumber, pumpkin and pulses like tuvar, guar, choli etc. and in winter crops cauliflower, cauliflower, papadi, coriander etc. Crops are included. Out of these crops like eggplant, chilli, tomato, cauliflower, cauliflower are grown at home and replanted. While other crops are sown from seeds. In order to get good quality, high and economically viable production of vegetable crops, it is necessary to make necessary changes in the traditional farming methods.
Points to consider in vegetable farming:
Soil and its preparation: As vegetable crops have the potential to produce more in a short period of time, these crops are very suitable for fertile, well-drained and well-drained loamy, medium or alluvial soils. After plowing and plowing the land as per the requirement, make the land level by repairing it, if there are weeds of the previous crop, weave it. For sowing of different vegetables to prepare flat / cushion beds, nikpala or khamanas in advance keeping in view the peculiarity of the crop, season, type of soil etc.
Scientific cultivation method of vegetables
Variety Selection: Selection of improved / hybrid varieties with high immunity to pests to suit the growing season of vegetable crops, planting season, area user requirement and convenience of irrigation.
Cultivation of Dharu (Chilli, Eggplant, Tomato, Cauliflower and Cabbage) To cultivate 5 to 6 guntas of onion for replacement of one hectare and to make Dharuwadi in 1.5 guntha area for other vegetables. The following precautions need to be taken to get a healthy and disease free home.
Rubbing: Wheat husk or millet waste or useless grass bed 15 cm above the ground. Forming as much layer and burning in the opposite direction of the wind. So that the soil heats up slowly for a long time, this is called rubbing. Rubbing can control soil fungus, germs, insect cocoons, worms as well as weed seeds. If rubbing is not possible use white transparent thin plastic. When it is dry, plow and cover with plastic for 10 to 20 days according to the size of the bed.
For one goontha area 100 kg. Apply well-said manure or compost, if this is not possible, apply 10 kg. Apply diwali paste accordingly.
As the soil of Dharuwadia is deficient in zinc and iron, apply 500: 100: 100 g of ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate and borax in one goontha area while preparing the soil.
Considering the slope of the soil, make a drain for disposal of excess water, then apply one kg of DAP in one goontha area. And 200 g of ammonium sulphate. To make cushion kayara in black soil and flat kayara in loamy soil. Keep the length of the bed according to the slope of the ground while keeping the width at 1.5 to 1.5 meters.
In the beginning in Dharuwadi, small plants should be given carbofuran 3g at the rate of 500 gm in a bundle so as not to damage locusts, red ants, earthworms, worms and sucking type insects.
Scientific cultivation method of vegetables
For sowing of seeds, open shallow furrows (2 to 25 cm) against the length at a distance of 10 cm from the teeth of wooden paws.
The seed should be treated with Thyrum or Ceresan 3 gm per 1 kg seed and put in the furrow in such a way that the given quantity of the given quantity per kayara falls at equal distances.
After sowing the seeds, keep the wooden paws upside down or turn the ropes to mix the seeds with the soil.
To maintain moisture in the soil as well as to protect Kumla Dharu / plants from the sun, lightly cover the wheat straw or cover the garden agronet in such a way that it is one to two feet above the ground. Net houses can be used for protected breeding as well as for winter (December-January) breeding by covering the white polythene in such a way that it is one to two feet above the ground or breeding in a white polyhouse. Thus, eggplant, chilli and onion are ready to be planted in 20 to 25 days, cabbage / cauliflower in 30 to 35 days and tomato in 20 to 25 days.
Giving light irrigation in Dharuwadiya before taking out Dharu.
Sowing and sowing spacing: Vegetable crops are sown in different ways depending on the variety and characteristics. Crops such as eggplant, tomato, chilli, cabbage, cauliflower etc. are grown first and sown at the recommended intervals according to the crop in the field prepared by replanting. While seeds of vegetable crops like fenugreek, coriander are sprinkled or dried in kayara and sowing of milk, karela, cucumber, turiya, galka, bhinda, chola, guar, papadi etc. is done at the recommended intervals corresponding to that crop.
Organic / Chemical Fertilizers: Generally, organic and chemical fertilizers are given according to the requirement of different vegetable crops to suit the stage of growth and development of the crop. For this, usually 15 to 20 tons of manure / compost should be given during soil preparation. In addition to this, apply 50% nitrogen in the recommended chemical fertilizers according to the crop and variety of vegetables as well as all phosphorus and potash as base fertilizer in the root zone, and the remaining 50% nitrogen as supplementary crop when the soil has adequate moisture Around the plant, 5 cm from the trunk. Away, to give in one / two / three equal installments.
Grooming: Generally plays an important role in weed control in vegetable crops as well as in intercropping production. Weeds reduce productivity and increase productivity, which in turn reduces productivity. So it is necessary to keep the crop free from weeds. For this, inter tillage and hand weeding as per the requirement of the crop. But weed control can also be done by prudent use of the recommended chemical herbicides in labor shortage situations.
Scientific cultivation method of vegetables
Chemical weed control in vegetables:
Crop
Herbicide
Amount of active ingredient (kg / ha)
Grooming time
Oysters
Pendimethalin
1,000 (M.G.)
0.400 (Sairashtra)
Pre Emergency
Eggplant
Pendimethalin
0.500
Pre Emergency
Tomatoes
Pendimethalin
Butachlor
Oxidiazone
1,000
1,000
0.500
After planting
In 2-3 days
Chilled
Pendimethalin oxidiazone
1,000
0.500
Before re-planting
Cabbage / Cauliflower
Pendimethalin
1,000
Before re-planting
Irrigation: Irrigation requirement depends on the crop and its variety, soil type and season. Generally irrigate at intervals of ten to twelve days in monsoon season and at intervals of 12 to 15 days in winter and at intervals of 8 to 10 days in summer depending on the type of soil. Applying manure with drip irrigation system in vegetable crops can save water and manure and get higher yield. The use of mulching can reduce the water requirement and increase the quality of the interval between two irrigations. Mulch can be used as dry sugarcane husk, paddy straw, wheat bran, diwali husk, dry grass and plastic sheet. By mulching, the quality of vegetables can be improved by reducing weeds, diseases and pests in the crop. The adoption of sprinkler irrigation system in these crops can significantly increase the quality and yield of the crop, as well as increase the yield of good quality vegetables with less irrigation.
Weaving and grading: Weaving of vegetables should be done according to the quality of the crop, market demand, area, color, shape and size of the fruit. Excessive plucking or harvesting of fruits reduces production, lowers market prices and ultimately lowers profitability. Vegetables for export which should be done keeping in view the requirement of that country and its quality. Good prices are obtained by removing the diseased and pest infested fruits after unloading the vegetables and grading them in different sections and sending them to the market.
Scientific cultivation method of vegetables
Source: Rda. D.B. Prajapati, Prof. A. M. Amin, Rda. B.G. Prajapati and Rda. AU Amin, Vegetable Research Scheme, Beej Masala Research Center, S.D.K.U., Jagudan
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