Scientific farming method of chickpeas
Scientific farming method of chickpeas
1. Introduction
2. Varieties of chickpeas
3. Climate
3. Land preparation
3. Sowing time
6. Seed rate and distance
3. Seed fitness
3. Chemical fertilizer
3. Irrigation
10. Weeding and intercropping
11. Chickpea pests
13. Chickpea diseases
Source: http://www.aau.in/
1. Introduction
Chickpeas are a crop grown in cold and dry conditions, which can withstand water shortages and low maintenance. In regions like Gujarat, where the incidence of cold and cold days is less, this crop, which matures in three and a half to four months, takes longer in states like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana. Crop productivity depends on ripening days and quality.
2. Varieties of chickpeas
The two main types of chickpeas in India are Kabuli and Desi. Kabuli varieties are large seeded and white which does not get its expected production in Gujarat as it needs long winter and severe cold. It is more suitable in the chickpea growing states in North India. Due to short and mild winters in our state, native chickpea varieties are more suitable.
Native chickpeas are yellow with a smaller grain than chickpeas. Two varieties of native chickpeas have been released for Gujarat. Gujarat Chana-1 variety is for Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. This variety is for both irrigated and non-irrigated areas. Older varieties Dahod yellow and ICCCC. Its yield is 6% more than 6%. The yield of this variety is 4000 to 200 kg per hectare in irrigated area while in non-irrigated area it is 1000 to 1200 kg per hectare.
As Gujarat Chana-2 is a non-irrigated variety, it is suitable for Bhal and Ghed area. This variety of chickpea, which matures in about 20 to 3 days, is two and a half to three times larger than the chickpea variety, so the market price is higher. The yield of this variety is 1000 to 1200 kg per hectare in non-irrigated area. This variety has good immunity against Sukara disease. This quality is very popular in Bhal. Apart from bhal and ghed, it is cultivated in Godhra, Dahod, Bharuch, Navsari, Kheda, Vadodara. In Kheda, Gujarat Chana-2 variety is known as Dollarchana and in Bhal, it is known as Boot Bhavani. The larger the seed, the more suitable it is for raw ginger. The demand for this type of seed has also recently increased in Panchmahal district.
Scientific farming method of chickpeas
3. Climate
Chickpeas do not tolerate frost in dry and cold climates. At the time of sowing 30 to 40 degrees Celsius. The temperature is favorable. Damage occurs if the weather is cloudy or cloudy. Yields are affected if the crop does not get cold enough or the heat increases during the harvest season.
3. Land preparation
Chickpeas grow very well in well-drained, black or medium loamy soils. However, it can be planted in loamy as well as sandy soils. Chickpeas are grown where the saline groundwater level is not very high and the soil is not saline. In non-irrigated areas, chickpeas are sown after monsoon as the water dries up. When sowing in such areas, the seed should be 10 to 12 cm. It is very important to get deep into the moisture. Chickpeas are grown from the moisture stored in the paddy fields after harvesting. In irrigated areas, 10 tons of manure per hectare should be applied to prepare the soil with rakes, ramps and repairs.
3. Sowing time
Irrigated chickpeas Gujarat-1, to be sown between 15th October to 15th November at the onset of cold. While sowing of Gujarat Chana-2 in non-irrigated area should be done keeping in view the availability of moisture in the soil.
6. Seed rate and distance
30 to 5 cm between two furrows. To sow chickpeas at the distance of 20 kg per hectare keeping the quantity of seeds. If large seed variety Gujarat Chana-2 is to be sown, the quantity should be 5 to 20 kg per hectare.
3. Seed fitness
At sowing, apply fungicide first and then Rhizobium culture. For protection against the disease, apply fungicide Carbendazim 1 gm and Thyrum 3 gm or Trichoderma viridi 2 gm Whitavex 1 in 1 kg of seeds. This drug protects against infectious diseases like Sukara.
3. Chemical fertilizer
Apply only one installment of manure while sowing chickpeas. Apply 40 kg N / ha and 20 kg P / ha in fodder before sowing as basic fertilizer. For this apply 10 kg urea fertilizer with 3 kg DAP per hectare in base.
The activity of Rhizobium bacteria in chickpea roots starts in 21 days, so the plant itself acquires the power to use nitrogen from the air. For this reason, chickpeas do not need adequate fertilizer. Many farmers use irrigated chickpeas as a fertilizer. So that the wrong costs are incurred. Giving this extra nitrogen leads to excessive vegetative growth of the plant. Such plants also have late flowering.
3. Irrigation
Irrigate the irrigated area first after planting the chickpeas. After this, at the time of branch emergence, i.e. after 30 days, give another watering. The third watering should be given at 20 to 5 days of flowering and the fourth watering of parrots at 20 to 30 days. Thus, there is a special need for irrigation in the case of three emergencies, such as when the stalks sprout in the chickpeas, when the flowers and parrots sit. Proper use of water and economic benefits occur at this time.
Scientific farming method of chickpeas
10. Weeding and intercropping
Keep the field clean with intercropping and weeding as required. This method seems to be the most beneficial. If weed is not accessible by hand, then immediately after planting i.e. before germination of chickpeas, pendimethalin (Stomp drug in 5 ml in 10 liters of water) per kg (active ingredient) mixed in 200 to 300 liters of water and sprayed is good control.
11. Chickpea pests
Chickpeas are mainly infested by green caterpillars which eat leaves, twigs and parrots. For its control, monocrotophos 15 ml. Or fenvalerate 10 ml. Or alphamethrin 3 ml. Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray again after flowering and after 15 days. If the caterpillar has grown, add Monocrotophos 15 ml. Dichlorvos 3 ml with the drug. Mixing in 10 liters of water and spraying gives good control. Or chloropyrifos ml. Mixing in 10 liters of water and spraying gives good control. In addition to the NPV. 20 LE / ha. At the time of flowering, two sprays at intervals of 15 days give good control.
13. Chickpea diseases
Sukaro (Wilt)
The disease is transmitted through seeds and soil at any stage of the crop. Plants dry up at the beginning or later stage of the crop. Vertical black-brown lines are seen cutting the trunk. Use disease free seeds to prevent the spread of the disease. Apply fungicide to the seeds before sowing. Replacing millet or sorghum crop after chickpea and giving one tonne of diwali flour per hectare reduces the severity of the disease. Since it is difficult to eradicate the disease till the fungus in the soil is eradicated, it is advisable to change the soil without taking chickpeas in one field every year.
Stunt virus disease (TUTU)
The disease is caused by a virus. Which is spread by an insect called Molo. The incidence of this disease is increasing in Gujarat. The disease gets worse when the cold is less. The leaves become copper-colored and thick. Phallus does not sit or sits low. Weakening of plants can lead to disease. In order to control this disease, it is necessary to control the carrier moles that spread it. For this, spray the absorbent type phosphomidone 0.07% or dimethoate 0.02%.
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